Virol . Yuki Ohi and Jared L . Clever Critical for Efficient Reverse Transcription Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 R Elements of ′ and 3 ′

Virol . C . William Hooker , William B . Lott and David Harrich Transcription Distinct Phases of Early Reverse Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Target Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency

A Reverse transcription-PCR assay for detection of type A influenza virus and differentiation of avian H7 subtype

Abstract : Avian influenza virus (AIV) infection is a major cause of influenza mortality in birds and can cause human mortality and morbidity. Although the risk of infection with avian influenza virus (AIV) is generally low for most people, the pathogenic virus can cross the species barrier and acquires the ability to infect and be transmitted among the human population; therefore the ra...

Pneumoviruses: Molecular Genetics and Reverse Genetics

Pneumoviruses are responsible for significant respiratory disease in their hosts and represent a major problemfor human and animal health. Pneumoviruses are members of the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamilyPneumovirinae and the virus particles consist of a negative-sense, nonsegmented RNA genome within a helical nucleocapsid structure enveloped in a lipid membrane derived from the ho...

J . Virol . and Karen E . Willard - Gallo Yvette Cleuter , Anne van den Broeke

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The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TAR RNA upper stem-loop plays distinct roles in reverse transcription and RNA packaging.

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA genome is flanked by a repeated sequence (R) that is required for HIV-1 replication. The first 57 nucleotides of R form a stable stem-loop structure called the transactivation response element (TAR) that can interact with the virally encoded transcription activator protein, Tat, to promote high levels of gene expression. Recently, we demonstra...